The Ins and Outs Of Radiation Therapy Using a Linear Accelerator

A linear accelerator is a large scaled piece of medical equipment that is used to treat cancerous tumors. It does this through a process of high energy x-rays that conform to the shape of a tumor and emits a radiation beam that destroys cancer cells while trying to spare the surrounding healthy tissue. Linear accelerators have a number of features that are built in which works to ensure the patients safety. These measures prevent dosages higher than what the patient has been prescribed to be given.

When you are schedule to receive radiation therapy using a linear accelerator, your oncologist will deliver the treatment that was planned between them, the dosimetrist and your physicist. The oncologist will double-check your treatment plan each and every time before they begin treatment. This ensures quality control and ensures that your treatment is delivered exactly as it should be.

Linear accelerators delivers external radiation therapy for patients with cancer. The LINAC is used to delivery treatment on a variety of areas throughout the body. High energy x-rays are delivered directly to the tumor using a radiation beam that is delivered from the linear accelerator. The treatment is designed to shrink and destroy the cancerous tumor without harming the healthy tissue that surrounds the tumor. LINAC is used to treat cancerous areas throughout the body using all of the conventional radiation techniques including: IMRT, IGRT, VMAR, SRS, and SBRT.

Linear accelerators work using technology similar to a radar. In the “wave guide” a part of the accelerator, electrons collide with a metal target to produce high-energy x-rays. The high-energy x-rays exit the machine in the shape of a patient’s tumor. These beams are shaped by a multileaf collimator that is within the head of the linear accelerator.

Patients are put onto a moveable treatment couch that is positioned properly and are asked to lie still. It is important to note that the treatment couch can move up, down, right, left, in, and out. The radiation beam comes out of the gantry, part of the accelerator, that can be rotated around the patient. These two systems, working together, can deliver radiation in a variety of angles.

Linear accelerators are operated by a radiation therapist. There are a team of experts who work together to create a treatment plan. A radiation oncologist, a medical physicist, and a dosimetrist work in conjunction of one another to come up with a treatment plan. The radiation oncologists prescribes the correct treatment volume and dose. A medical physicist and dosimetrist determine how your prescribed dose is delivered and calculated.

Patient safety is insured in a number of ways. Before treatment is given the plan is developed and approved in collaboration with your team. This plan is continually reviewed for quality assurance. Safety measurements are built directly into the accelerator that does not allow a higher dose of radiation to be delivered to patients. Before a patient is treated the radiation, therapist will perform unilateral checks across the LINAC. More thorough linear accelerator checks are done monthly and annually. Specialized companies are available for hire that maintain, service, and repair linear accelerators. It is important to have access to LINAC service providers and LINAC parts for repair. The less downtime a facility incurs the higher the quality of patient care they can provide.

Patients are supervised throughout treatment using monitors and microphones that in the room. This allows the patient and radiation therapist to communicate. The position of the radiation beam are continually checked to ensure the positioning has not moved from the original treatment plan.

The safety of the staff and patient are crucial when using linear accelerators in treating cancerous tumors. The LINAC is installed in a room all by itself. The walls of the room are made from lead and concrete to eliminate the high energy x-rays from escaping and exposing people outside of the room. Radiation therapists do not tun on the LINAC until they are safely outside of the treatment area. Linear accelerators will only emit radiation when the machine is in use.

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Elekta: New Study to Learn From Every Cancer Patient Treated With Magnetic Resonance Radiation Therapy

The MOMENTUM study is a transformative approach to evaluating innovative medical technology

UTRECHT, The Netherlands, Feb. 4, 2019 /PRNewswire/ —

Today, the international MR-linac Consortium announced the launch of the MOMENTUM study. The study is designed to generate data that enable safe, fast and, above all, ‘evidence-based’ introduction of magnetic resonance radiation therapy (MR/RT) into clinical practice. The MOMENTUM study represents the next step in the development of the Elekta Unity MR/RT system; the study will be focused on building a robust body of real-world clinical evidence and insights made possible by this technology. Information gained through the MOMENTUM study will guide the use of MR/RT to improve outcomes for cancer patients.

“Each treatment session on this innovative system is an opportunity to gain insight into the benefits that this technology provides and, critically, to determine which patients benefit from MR/RT therapy,” said Dr. Helena Verkooijen, Professor of Evaluation of Innovation at University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU) and a member of MOMENTUM’s Management team.

Radiotherapy is an important component many cancer treatment regimens and approximately 50% of all cancer patients receive radiation during their treatment journey*. As with most medical therapies for cancer, radiotherapy is associated with short- and long-term side effects that can be treatment-limiting and/or reduce patients’ quality of life during and after therapy. Many of these side effects result from radiation-related damage to healthy tissue. The MR-linac system is designed to address this challenge by allowing improved targeting of radiation to the tumor and reduced exposure of nearby tissues and organs.

Dr. William Hall, Assistant Professor of the Department of Radiation Oncology at the Medical College of Wisconsin noted. “We believe that this kind of rigorous and coordinated approach has tremendous potential to improve patient outcomes and change radiotherapy.”

Cancer centers participating in MOMENTUM will ask patients if they are willing to share de-identified information about their treatment and subsequent experience, including tumor control rates and quality of life. This information will be aggregated into repositories that will allow researchers to assess outcomes, enhance the product and evaluate alternative treatment approaches.

“The MR-linac Consortium includes some of the world’s most talented and dedicated cancer researchers,” said Dr. John Christodouleas, Vice President of Medical Affairs and Clinical Research at Elekta and a member of MOMENTUM’s management team. “By collaborating on the MOMENTUM Study, we expect to accelerate clinical innovations enabled by this breakthrough technology.”

Elekta Unity makes it possible to visualize the tumor with high-resolution images during treatment through combining high-field MRI technology with a linear accelerator. This allows extremely precise delivery of the radiation dose, enabling higher dosing to the tumor bed while better sparing the surrounding healthy tissues. While this is expected to lead to better tumor control and fewer side effects it is crucial to show that the advanced technical capabilities of MR/RT translate into real benefits for the patient, such as prolonged disease-free survival and better quality of life.

The innovative MR-linac technology was developed by Elekta in collaboration with the MR-linac Consortium, which comprises experts in oncology, radiation therapy, epidemiology and medical physics from leading cancer centers around the world.

Elekta Unity has CE-mark and 510(k) clearance but is not commercially available in all markets.

About the MR-Linac Consortium

The Elekta MR-linac Consortium is a collaborative industrial-academic partnership that Elekta founded with seven centers and our technology partner, Philips in 2012 to provide an evidence-based introduction of the MR-linac to the medical community, and to support the advancement of the technology. The institutions that participated are: (Founding members) University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, the Netherlands; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA; the Institute of Cancer Research, working with its clinical partner The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Froedtert & the Medical College of Wisconsin Clinical Cancer Center at Froedtert Hospital, USA; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Canada. Lygature, The Netherlands, provides the public-private partnership management of the MOMENTUM study.

About Elekta

For almost five decades, Elekta has been a leader in precision radiation medicine. Our nearly 4,000 employees worldwide are committed to ensuring everyone in the world with cancer has access to – and benefits from – more precise, personalized radiotherapy treatments. Headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden, Elekta is listed on NASDAQ Stockholm Exchange. Visit elekta.com or follow @Elekta on Twitter.

Original Source: https://www.biospace.com/article/releases/elekta-new-study-to-learn-from-every-cancer-patient-treated-with-magnetic-resonance-radiation-therapy/

Original Date: Feb 4 2019

Written By: Elekta

Answers to The Top 4 Questions About Radiation Therapy

Anyone that is starting a new medical treatment has a right to be a little nervous. This article is being written to help ease the anxiety of cancer patients that are scheduled for radiation therapy. Fear comes because of the unknown and common misunderstandings patients have about radiation.

Radiation therapy is delivered using a large piece of medical equipment known as a linear accelerator. With maintenance, repairs, and part replacement linear accelerators can deliver radiation to an average number of patients for between five and ten years. Below we will answer the most commonly asked questions about radiation therapy using a linear accelerator, LINAC.

Is Radiation Therapy Painful?

Thankfully radiation therapy is not painful. Patients often report that they do not experience any sensation when the radiation is delivered from the LINAC. A few patients have reported that they feel a slight warm tingle in the area where the LINAC is delivering radiation. The skin in the area where linear accelerators deliver treatment can become dry and itchy over time. This can cause some discomfort but definitely not enough to stop treatment. Skin reactions due to radiation can be treated with over the counter ointment.

Does Radiation Therapy Cause Me to Be Radioactive?

Radiation therapy only makes patients radioactive when internal radiation is given. Patients are radioactive while the radioactive materials are in them. These patients are secluded in a private hospital room. Patients that are treated using a LINAC through external radiation, will not be radioactive at all. External radiation delivers a precise dose of radiation to the cancerous tissues instantaneously. With external radiation the radiation does not linger. Once the LINAC is turned off the radiation isn’t an issue. In external radiation, patients can continue on their normal routines without worry.

Will I Lose My Hair During Radiation Therapy?

Radiation is considered a localized treatment which means that it focuses directly on the area being treated. This being said you can expect hair loss in the area of treatment however unless treatment is done on your head you shouldn’t experience hair loss. Confusion occurs because people associate radiation and chemotherapy as one in the same therapies. The difference is that chemotherapy is a systemic treatment which means it affects the entire body. During chemotherapy there is a likelihood that patients will lose their hair.

Should I Expect to Experience Nausea and Vomiting?

Radiation therapy doesn’t usually cause patients to feel sick. If treatment is given in areas such as the liver, brain, or gastrointestinal tract patients have more of a risk to experience nausea. Also, patients that are going through chemotherapy and radiation at the same time there is more of a risk for feeling ill.

Does It Cost Money to Have an Old Linear Accelerator System Removed?

This is a frequently asked questions when healthcare centers are starting the process to budget for the purchase of a new or refurbished Linear Accelerator. It is important to not be surprised when it comes to financial obligations within a medical organization. The answer is Yes, there is a cost to have old LINAC systems removed from your facility. There is a cost to have new equipment installed as well but that is often combined with the price you pay for the equipment itself.

Although linear accelerators are a machine that offers a priceless treatment in the fight against cancer with lifesaving radiation beams treating thousands of patients for countless number of years, they do become worthless. Like most machines, over time the labor and linear accelerator parts cost more to repair the LINAC machine than it is worth. When this occurs, the machine is worth nothing and needs not only to be removed but also properly disposed of.

Another element to add to the mix is the introduction of new technology. This is a reoccurring issue that is seen in medical equipment. Older machines cannot be updated to run properly with the latest and greatest treatments and therefore simple become worthless. Yep, even some LINAC machines with life left in them become obsolete to healthcare providers promoting the latest and greatest treatments. Although these machines are worthless to these facilities they can often be moved and utilized by other facilities such as veterinarians, possible dermatologists, and of course in poverty-stricken locations that would otherwise go without.

When a linear accelerator has been deemed to have little to know value, meaning no one is willing to pay you for it, your facility will face the cost of removal. This cost includes professional and safe dismantling, removal, and disposal of the LINAC. This process often requires the system to be loaded onto a crane as they weigh several thousand pounds. This should be done by professionals to prevent catastrophe. After the machine has been removed from the facility it will be tested for radioactivity and disposed of once they are cleared.

At the end of the day, when all is said and done the cost to have a large scaled piece of medical equipment such as a linear accelerator removed, dismantled, and disposed of ranges between $5,000 and $25,000.

Elekta Unity MR-linac gains FDA 510(k) clearance

DOTmed.com – Elekta Unity MR-linac gains FDA 510(k) clearance The Elekta Unity magnetic resonance radiation therapy (MR/RT) system has gotten its FDA 510(k) premarket notification and is now ready for sale and clinical use in the U.S.

“Since receiving CE mark in June 2018, Elekta Unity has been transforming the care of cancer patients in Europe, and we are excited that this cutting-edge technology is now commercially available to U.S. patients,” Elekta president and CEO Richard Hausmann said in a statement, adding that the Unity will make possible the development of personalized, precision radiation therapy regimens optimized for safety and efficacy.

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The Unity will “make radiation therapy a viable treatment option for more patients,” he added, thanking all involved in the MR-linac consortium and MR technology partner, Royal Philips.

The Unity is designed to simultaneously deliver radiation dose and visualization of tumors and adjacent healthy tissue in the form of high-quality MR images, employing integrated tools for possible treatment adjustments to match current anatomical information in a treatment session.

“Unity is a tremendous leap forward in our ability to tailor radiation therapy to each patient’s tumor and anatomy, and to adapt treatment in real time as the tumor changes shape and position relative to organs at risk,” said Dr. Christopher Schultz, chair of the Elekta MR-linac Consortium.

He called the new technology “fundamentally” transformational in terms of the development and implementation of therapy regimens that will permit clinicians “to achieve optimal outcomes for our patients.”

Back in September, Elekta forecast a net sales compound annual growth rate of 8-10 percent through its 2022/2023 financial year.

“We have improved our margin and cash flow and have returned to high growth. We are now in a good position to realize our vision,” said Hausmann in a statement, noting that “the future of our industry is in precision radiation medicine, including diagnostic quality imaging at the point of treatment, real-time adaptive treatment planning, data-driven personalization and intelligent automation.”

Its predictions follow the company’s recent decision to sell its magnetoencephalography (MEG) business to Croton Healthcare subsidiary York Instruments as part of an initiative to restructure and strategically prioritize its treatment solutions and oncology informatics portfolio, agreements set up between the radiotherapy manufacturer and other parties over the past year.

Original Source: https://www.dotmed.com/news/story/45569

Original Date: Dec 6 2018

Written By: Thomas Dworetzky

Trial results show compound makes radiotherapy more effective

A trial has shown that radiotherapy is more effective when levels of ropidoxuridine in a patients’ body reach a certain level…

A new drug designed to make radiotherapy more effective in treating cancer has been given to patients while they are receiving radiation and shown to be safe.

The drug, called 5-iodo-2-pyrimidinone-2′-deoxribose (IPdR), or ropidoxuridine, has the advantage that patients can take it in capsule form, as opposed to intravenously. When the drug enters the body, researchers believe it changes into an active form that can make cancer cells more susceptible to the effects of radiotherapy.

Results of US NCI trial #9882, presented by Dr Timothy Kinsella from the Department of Radiation Oncology at the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital in the USA, show that the drug has minimal side effects when given to patients with a variety of gastrointestinal cancers during the course of their radiotherapy.

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Dr Kinsella explained: “The aim of my research is to find better ways to treat patients with cancer, and specifically to develop ways to make radiation treatment safer and more effective.

“Previous research found a promising compound called iododeoxyuridine, or IUdR, that worked very well to improve the effectiveness of radiotherapy, but IUdR could only be given intravenously and proved to have many side effects for patients.

“As a result, this new drug, IPdR, was developed. It’s a prodrug that can be taken as a capsule and, once inside the body, it’s converted into the active drug, IUdR.

“This trial is the first to test it out in patients while they are receiving radiation therapy, and the results suggest that it’s safe with minimal side effects.”

Dr Kinsella and his colleagues tested the new drug in a group of 18 patients with advanced cancers including oesophageal, pancreatic, liver, bile duct, rectal and anal cancers. All had been referred for palliative radiotherapy.

Alongside their radiotherapy, patients were given a daily dose of the IPdR prodrug over 28 days. They were given blood tests to check on the levels of both the IPdR prodrug and the active IUdR drug at various points during their treatment. The dose of the prodrug was gradually increased, and patients were monitored for side effects.

Results of the trial suggest that IPdR can be safely given to patients up to a dose of 1200mg per day for 28 days without causing serious side effects. The results also suggest that this dose creates levels of the active IUdR drug in patients’ blood that are high enough to have a radiosensitising effect.

Of the 18 patients on the trial, 14 could be assessed for any effect on their tumours with a CT or MRI scan 54 days after beginning the treatment. Among these patients, one had a complete response (disappearance of tumour), three showed a partial response (at least 30 percent reduction in the tumour targeted by radiotherapy), nine had stable diseases (no growth in the tumour) and one patient stopped treatment because of an infection and had progressive disease (at least 20 percent growth in the tumour).

Dr Kinsella added: “This clinical trial showed that when patients take IPdR at home before coming for radiation treatment, the level of IUdR in their bloodstream is high enough to make radiation more effective at killing cancer cells. It also showed that the dose of IPdR needed to achieve therapeutic levels of IUdR in the blood causes minimal side effects.

“However, this trial was with patients who had recurrent cancer and had already received a number of other cancer treatments. In newly diagnosed patients, it could be that we can safely use a higher dose and have a bigger effect on tumours.”

Dr Kinsella and his colleagues are already studying the effects of IPdR in patients receiving whole brain radiotherapy for cancer that has spread to the brain. Following this trial, plans are in progress to study the drug in patients who have been newly diagnosed with glioblastoma, an aggressive form of brain cancer.

Dr Eric Deutsch, Professor of Radiation Oncology and head of the radiation oncology department and research unit at the Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France, is a member of the EORTC-NCI-AACR Symposium scientific committee and was not involved with the research. He commented: “Radiotherapy is a vital element in treating many forms of cancer. This research is investigating whether the IPdR drug could make radiotherapy even more effective for more patients.

“In treating cancer patients, we must always consider the risks and benefits of any therapy. In this study, the risks of the IPdR drug were minimal, and the benefit was that it can be taken by patients at home. We don’t have enough evidence yet on whether IPdR can improve patient outcome, but we hope that this will become clearer as the research continues.”

The research was presented at the 30th EORTC-NCI-AACR Symposium on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics in Dublin, Ireland.

Original Source: https://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/news/81355/radiotherapy-more-effective/

Original Date: Nov 16 2018

Written By: European Pharmaceutical Review

Treating Cancer With Radiation Therapy

There are many parts and components that must be considered when servicing and repairing linear accelerators and other types of radiation therapy equipment. Consider the inner workings of LINAC systems and the process they go through to deliver targeted radiation and you will see why professional servicing and maintenance is required.

External radiotherapy is done with the use of specialized radiation therapy equipment. This equipment is designed to aim beams of radiation at the source of cancer. The most common types of radiation being through the use of high energy x-ray beams. Other types can include particle beams, such as protons and electrons. These beams are used to obliterate the cancerous cells within the are being treated while preventing radiation damage to healthy cells.

Radiotherapy works by harming the DNA within the cancerous cells. The DNA is the genetic code which controls the behavior of the cells. Radiotherapy damages DNA directly on contact or creates charged up particles to damage the DNA. This treatment should stop the growth or kill the cancer. When cells die your body will break them down and get rid of waste substance. Normal cells could be damaged but usually repair themselves.

Before treatment can begin your doctor will want to go over the short- and long-term side effects. Most will be temporary and can be regulated with medication. The team that treats you will use a combination of images including x-rays, CT scans, MRI scans, or PET scans. They will be used to monitor the size of the tumor and measure the shrinkage that is occurring.

Radiotherapy machines, like linear accelerators, are very large and can look extremely intimidating. A LINAC uses electricity in creating radiotherapy beams. The machine will never touch you and the radiation will not be felt. Some discomfort can be expected from the side effects of treatment but can be controlled using medication. For radiotherapy to work the radiation must cover the entire cancerous area and the surrounding border. Physicians will give the lowest dosage possible to prevent damage to the health tissue surrounding the cancer. This will reduce the risks of side effects to the healthy tissue.

The dose of radiation you are prescribed will be divide up into small doses known as fractions. Instead of one large dose, these smaller doses allow the same amount of radiation overtime which helps to alleviate the side effects and allows the healthy tissues time between treatments to heal. Radiation can be given as palliative care which is given to alleviate the pain associated with cancer or as a treatment to cure the cancer.

No, you haven’t gone deaf – the Large Hadron Collider has been wound down for more upgrades

Back in 2021 with even more inverse femtobarns*

Upgrade time already? It would seem so: three years since its last refit, CERN’s Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is taking a two-year break so boffins can embark on another.

In 2015, the LHC hit 13 tera-electron volts (TeV), and part of this upgrade cycle will take it to its original design energy of 14 TeV. The scientists will also lay the groundwork for another upgrade, the High-Luminosity LHC, due in 2026, which will smash together at least five times more protons than the current configuration.

LHC finds a new and very charming particle: the Xi_cc⁺⁺ baryon

Between now and the 2021 restart, the accelerators that feed protons into the LHC will be upgraded to produce more intense beams, with the Linac4 linear accelerator replacing Linac2.

CERN explained: “The new linear accelerator will accelerate H− ions, which are later stripped to protons, allowing the preparation of brighter beams.”

That’s just the first accelerator. The second, the Proton Synchrotron Booster, will get new injection and acceleration systems, and the last injector in the chain, the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS), will get an RF power upgrade “to accelerate higher beam intensities, and will be connected to upgraded transfer lines”.

Detector upgrades are also on the cards. The LHCb experiment will be replaced with faster detectors, which CERN said will “enable the collaboration to record events at the full proton-proton rate”, and the ALICE experiment will have its tracking detectors upgraded.

With 300PB of data on tape from previous runs, physicists won’t get a rest during the shutdown: they’ll be heating up CPUs by the tens of thousands looking for possible “new physics” signatures, a search that will help guide thinking when the high luminosity experiments start in 2026. ®

Original Source: https://www.theregister.co.uk/2018/12/04/darkness_falls_at_large_hadron_collider_upgrade_starts/

Written By: Richard Chirgwin

Published Date: 4 Dec 2018

Installment Two – The Process of Treating Cancer Using Radiation

In our first installment on treating cancer with radiation we took a look in to exactly what radiation therapy was, how it worked, and how treatment is planned and delivered. In today’s installment we will look deeper into what patients can and cannot doing during treatment, how long treatment sessions take, what to expect, and potential side effects.

During treatment are there particular things I should or shouldn’t do?

It is hard to believe however, life as normal can continue while you receive radiation therapy. In fact, the less interruption to your overall schedule, the better. Try to think of radiation as you would any other appointment, don’t make it any more important than any other task in your daily life. Taking the importance away helps to ease anxiety. Consider the following when planning treatment:

Radiation therapy is performed using a linear accelerator. Some Skin tumors require a superficial x-ray unit, however for the most part radiation is delivered using a LINAC system. You will be required to lay still while on the table/couch underneath the linear accelerator while the treatment is occurring. You will feel nothing at all during the procedure. Many times, you don’t even know that treatment has occurred. A myth has circulated that you will be radio active after radiation therapy however this is incorrect. There is not a possibility of this at all.

Treatment can range from a single treatment, one time to multiple treatments a week for several weeks. This depends on a number of different factors including the type of cancer, where it is located, and how it is responding to treatment. Treatment is most often done during the week. The duration of your session will vary as well depending on the LINAC system that is used, and duration set in your treatment plan. Certain linear accelerators operate faster than others and certain cancers require slow and steady treatment. Your radiation oncologist will go over your specific case when reviewing your treatment plan.

During treatment it is important to drink plenty of fluids while eating regularly. A small, balanced meal several times a day will help with energy loss. It is also important to keep up on your regular, daily hygiene regimen. Try to avoid extreme foods of any nature, too spicy, too hot, too cold, and so on are not desirable when receiving treatment. It is also important to avoid extreme sun exposure during radiation as your skin will be more sensitive to burns.

What side effects should I be prepared for?

Radiation therapy provides a localized treatment which means that any side effect will depend on where it is received. You may experience the following:

Nausea: Depending on where treatment is given you may feel nauseous during or after treatment. (This could also be nerves) Whatever the case symptoms can easily be treated with the use of anti-nausea medication.

Diarrhea: As with nausea, diarrhea can be treated with medicine. Depending on severity a dietician can help prepare your diet to prevent future occurrences.

Sore Throat/Mouth: If you are having treatment done on your mouth or throat you can experience some tenderness. Your oncologist will offer suggestions to help prevent chewing and swallowing difficulties.

Increased Urination: Treatment in the lower abdomen and pelvic region can lead to frequently needing to relieve yourself. To prevent discomfort be sure to stay well hydrated by drinking extra water throughout the day. Take note of drastic changes which could be signally an infection verse side effects from treatment.

Hair Loss: This too is localized to the treatment area. Hair loss may occur on your chest, arms, legs, face, and head depending on where the radiation treatment is performed.

Can I continue to work?

As stated earlier, keeping your routine as normal is possible is key. Of course, each treatment plan is different, and your oncologist may recommend rest after treatment. If this is the case, you will want to follow their specific instructions. Once treatment is finished any side effects and symptoms should subside within a few weeks.

Will I need to follow up?

After radiation therapy is performed you will need to follow up with your physician. In most cases, the first time you meet after treatment will be between four and six weeks. This is not true in all cases and therefore it is important to work with your doctor to make these arrangements at the time of or before your last treatment of radiation.

Glasgow cancer centre easing trauma for children with toy bricks

Bronwyn, 7, was the first patient to receive on of the toy linacs from Jill Scott, Superintendent Radiographer (left) and Maureen Houston, Senior Play Specialist (right)

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CHILDREN who require radiotherapy cancer treatment are being helped through the trauma by simple toy bricks.

Glasgow’s Beatson has been gifted 100 sets of bricks which when built, create a model of a linear accelerator machine, which delivers radiotherapy treatment.

Medics say the kits helps take the fear out of the treatment and encourages young patients to ask questions and raise any fears or concerns.

After the treatment is over, children are encouraged to build something new as part of the transition to a ‘normal’ life.

The Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre (BWOSCC) is one of the first in Scotland to receive a donation of 100 models from The Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine (IPEM) in York.

Jill Scott, Superintendent Radiographer at the BWOSCC, said: “The little linac is a novel and fun way of showing children and their families what our treatment machines look like and demonstrates how the linac moves and works.

“They also enable the children to play and talk about any concerns they may have regarding radiotherapy.”

The ‘Little Linac’ project was the brainchild of Professor David Brettle, Head of Medical Physics and Engineering at Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust.

He said: “Toy bricks are every child’s favourite toy and are an ideal way to educate young patients about their treatment in a way that is designed to reduce their stress and anxiety, and so contribute to successful treatment sessions.

“After their treatment is over, the challenge to the children is to use the bricks to make something very different: a rocket, a rabbit, a robot, as part of their transition back to a more normal life.”

Original Source: https://www.eveningtimes.co.uk/news/17229096.glasgow-cancer-centre-easing-trauma-for-children-with-toy-bricks/

Written By: Caroline Wilson

Published On: Nov 16 2018